・レーザーの業績とノーベル賞 The 2000 Nobel Prize in Physics - Nobel e-museum "for basic work on information and communication
technology" The 1981 Nobel Prize in Physics - Nobel e-museum "two forms of atomic spectroscopy,
viz. laser spectroscopy","and electron
spectroscopy" Nobel 1964 Prize in Physics - Nobel e-museum "for fundamental work in the field
of quantum electronics, which has led to
the construction of oscillators and amplifiers
based on the maser-laser principle"